The below post

I wrote the below post as a project in 7th grade. I forgot to add Ben Franklin in it, so I'll tell about his experiment now. Don't try this experiment unless you have proper equipment. Ben Franklin was most known for his lightning experiment. During a thunderstorm, he tooh a kite attached to a long string and tied the string end to a silk string. To the string, he tied a metal key in a glass jar (a Leiden Jar). He flew thw kite and then went inside. when he brought his finger near the key, it sparked, proving lightning is electricity. Contrary to popular belief, lightning never hit Franklin.

Lightning Info- Everything you need to know at this point.

Lightning is one of nature’s most beautiful phenomena. It is fascinating but deathly. Having tremendous power and vigor, it doesn’t get the respect it deserves. The fear of lightning is known as keraunophobia, and the fear of thunder and lightning is brontophobia (sounds more like fear of brontosaurus dinosaurs, so don’t get confused), but really there is nothing to be afraid of, as long as you take the safety measures. And as I say, “Lightnin’ ain’t fright’nin”, for it isn’t. With over 2,000 thunderstorms occurring above the earth at any given time, it is no wonder that lightning flashes 50-100 times per second. There is so much to say, so I will separate it into many “easy-find” sections. 1-Numerical info 2-Lightning Physics 2a-Thunderstorm Meteorology 2b- The “Charge Reversal” Concept 2c-Types of Lightning 2d-Thunder 3-In Mythology/Religion 4-Probabilities 4a-Odds 4b-Statistics 5-Safety 5a-What to Do if You are Stuck Outside During a Thunderstorm 5b-Lightning and Objects 5c-Lightning’s Effect on Humans 5d-Types of Lightning Strikes to Humans 5e- Advancing Technology- Lightning Detection 6-Lightning and NASA 7-USA’s Lightning 7a- Florida’s Lightning 8-The “Heat Island” Effect 9-Other Random Lightning Facts 9a- Lightning’s Good Side 9b- Lightning Idioms and Myths 10-Conclusion 11-Bibliography 1-Numerical Information An average lightning bolt has 20,000 amps, 100 million volts, and is about 30,000˚F. It has enough wattage to power a 100-watt bulb for three months. It can reach temperatures of 54,000˚F, 8 times the surface temperature of the sun. Lightning’s voltage is proportional to its length, meaning that longer bolts are higher in voltage. This is because a higher voltage is needed to jump larger distances- as in capacitors. Lightning can reach voltages as low as 1 million, and as high as a billion. Its amperage ranges from 10,000-200,000. The wattage may soar to a trillion. You have all probably heard the saying “lightning never strikes twice in the same place”, meaning two of the same bad things can’t happen to the same thing, but its literal meaning is ironically false. In fact, the Empire State Building gets hit many times a year. Roy L. Sullivan was struck seven times between the years 1942-1977, and lived. Lightning very often does hit the same place or person twice. Will we be able to harness lightning’s energy? It is very impractical. Even though lightning looks as if it produces a large amount of energy, it really doesn’t, the reason being the time frame lightning takes up. When you factor physics in, lightning duration of only a few milliseconds doesn’t produce sufficient Coulombs. The amount of Coulombs is the energy amount. One Coulomb is a unit of electrical equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one second. So if you multiply the 20,000 amps by about three milliseconds, that’s 20,000 × .003. This is equal to 60 Coulombs. That isn’t much, as one electron produces 1.602 × 10 to the power of -19 Coulombs. 2- Lightning Physics Scientists are perplexed by lightning. Lightning held, holds, and will hold great mysteries to scientists. Why lightning happens, how lightning happens, and when lightning happens are some of the mysteries that it holds. This is a very unpredictable force, and is hard to predict, for it is so sudden. For knowing what we got so far, you have to know the basics. 2a- Thunderstorm Meteorology To better understand how lightning works, you have to understand how a thunderstorm works. Thunderstorms can form over land, over sea, or move in from a place. For a thunderstorm to form, you need a low pressure system, a source of moisture, and warm air. What is a low pressure system? It’s when the air is forced upwards, creating updrafts- rotating, rising columns of air. You can sometimes see birds circling the updraft. The updraft carries the moist air to a cooler area of the atmosphere, condensing into cumulus clouds. If the pressure is low enough- meaning that there is a strong updraft, and the humidity is high enough, these clouds continue to grow into what is known as cumulus congestus clouds, towering cumulus clouds that are larger than a normal cumulus cloud. If you see these, it means a thunderstorm may be forming. The storms over the ocean are generally stronger than land-formed ones- unless the cause is of inter-coastal seabreeze (works similarly, but coastal winds collide to create these clouds), because of increased moisture. If the moisture supply continually is fed into the cloud, it will grow into a cumulonimbus cloud, sometimes bringing monstrous thunderstorms. These storms have updraft and downdraft regions- downdrafts are a region in the cloud where there is a downward rush of air. Inside the cloud, water collects around a single particle of a pollutant, like dust or pollen. This gets forced into the updraft, which freezes, and then falling due to the downdraft, melting of the temperature. As it melts, it gains a bit more water then repeats the downdraft/updraft cycle. These ice crystals are called graupel. When graupel gets heavy enough to resist the force of the updraft, it falls back into the downdraft region and out of the cloud, melting. This is what we call rain. It occurs mainly in the downdraft region. This is important to know, as it plays a role of lightning formation. 2b-The “Charge Reversal” Concept Lightning creation is one of the most controversial aspects of lightning science, as there is little known on the formation of it. Scientists have many theories, but one, the Charge Reversal concept is by far the most popular. Think about the rain formation. There are a lot of little drops in there. Don’t you think that the graupel will smash into other particles? It does, and in this process, scientists don’t know why that the tiny particles that break off become positive and the larger unbroken particles become negative. Tens of millions of these events happen at any given moment in the cloud. Since the smaller particles are so light, they travel to the top of the cloud, making that region positively charged. That means, that most of the time when you see the “anvil” of the cloud (trust me- you have), it’s positive. The negative graupel sinks to the bottom of the cloud, making that, well, negative. The charge spread out across the cloud is hundreds of millions of volts, about the same explosive energy as a small atomic bomb. This immense charge is enough to force the ground’s electrons deep into the earth, leaving the surface positive. This creates a natural “capacitor”, with the supply being the cloud’s base, and the receivers being the top anvil or the ground. In electronics, a capacitor is a tiny device that makes wavering voltages spike into one continuous voltage by sparking two plates. This works by collecting an amount of charge on the positive part. When the charge reaches a potential where it can arc across the gap, it does. Similarly the charge in the cloud continually grows until it reaches a point where the voltage is high enough to arc across two points. When it does reach a potential where it can arc across, the cloud lets out a “stepped leader”, named because it seems to follow a path of distinct ‘steps’, which is a plasma channel, about 2 centimeters wide, 50m long. There are about 100 of these in a lightning stroke. This heads for the ground, branching into several paths to the ground. When it is about 150 feet from a point, a “positive streamer”- a positively charged channel of electricity, jumps from many objects. The leader continues down, and one of the branches touches with one of the streamers. The part closest to the ground drains first, and then successfully higher, which reaches the cloud. Then a “dart leader” heads to the ground really fast along the same channel, discharging to the ground. Then a “return stroke” heads upwards about ten times slower than the dart leader, along the same channel. The dart leader/return stroke cycle repeats itself about 3-4 times, but can be 2 times or up to 15 times. This is what creates the “strobe-light effect”. The charge drains and the leader detaches and dissipates. All this happens in a few milliseconds. Sometimes there is a positive stepped leader, and a negative streamer, but the physics are the same, except that positive lightning is more powerful than negative lightning. Fulgurites are an impure form of glass that forms when the intense heat of a lightning strike fuses the sand together to form a lightning shaped “tube” of glass. The next time a lightning storm is in your area (which here, not too long from now), and you see lightning hit the ground, wait till after thirty minutes after the storm has passed, and dig carefully in that spot. If you come across a tube-shaped, porous, branchy thing about 2 centimeters thick, you may have found a fulgurite. Keep it and show it to your science teacher and explain what it is. You may impress him/her. To generate “mini-lightning”, all you need is a cat, a woolen or synthetic fiber cloth, a dark room, and a cold, dry day. Rub the cat with the cloth very quickly, and pull away the cloth really fast. You should see sparks of static electricity jump to the cat. The cat will remain unharmed, and it won’t hurt it a bit, although you might annoy it by you rubbing it with something. 2c- Types of Lightning There are very many different types of lightning, either positive or negative. It occurs at varying heights, and some of the events are rare. Cloud-Ground(CG’s)- Lightning that arcs from well, cloud to ground. Ground-Cloud(GC’s- Same as a cloud to ground, except that the ground lets out a stepped leader and the cloud a streamer. Ground-Ground(GG’s)- A rare type of lightning that arcs from a charged region of the ground to another region of the opposite charge. Those types of lightning account for 20% of all lightning. The others are all in the cloud. The rest of the lightning I am going to describe is a mix of terms and names. Cloud-Cloud(CC’s)- Lightning arcing from one cloud to another. Sheet- Lightning occurring within a cloud, seen from the ground as flashes. Heat- Lightning occurring over the horizon, seen only as a flash. Dry- CG Lightning occurring without rain, making this a forest fire hazard. Anvil Crawlers- Lightning arcing from the base or anvil of a cloud, “crawling” on the surface, and then entering back in the cloud. This type of lightning has been known to stretch 75 miles or so. It has more energy than a normal CG, so if it ends up arcing to the ground and not back into the cloud, it could have devastating effects. Ball- An extremely rare phenomenon, looking like a floating ball of electricity, although it is made up of plasma. This can last for a few seconds, although it is known for it to last 14 seconds. This mysterious phenomenon can pass through glass, breaking it into shards, or without a scratch. It is also known to go in circles and even chase people. The chances of seeing this is .01% in your lifetime. Blue Jets- Another rarity, this type of lightning is a bright blue flash, starting from the core of a cloud and extending 15 miles into the mesosphere. Sprite- The rarest form of lightning, seen only by low orbit satellites, is a red flash above the cloud, reaching 10 miles high and 15 miles wide. It is one of the least known lightning phenomena known about. Staccato- Lightning that seems so sudden and at once. Bead- Infrequent lightning that seems to look like a string of luminous segments rather than a single flash. Its causes are unknown, but one theory suggests differentiating thicknesses in the channel’s radius created different amounts of light emitted Positive Giant- Lightning that arcs from the positive anvil striking somewhere about 10 miles away. This is a very powerful form of lightning, and is often referred to “a bolt from the blue”. In idiom expressions, this means “something totally unexpected and random”, and in literal, it is, as it is often seen in clear skies, far from a storm. Superbolt- CG lightning with hundreds the times of energy of a normal lightning bolt. Very destructive. 2d- Thunder Thunder, lightning’s grumbling partner, is caused by the rapid heating and expansion of air near the stroke. It expands so fast, it explodes. Since light travels about 5 times the speed of sound, you can use the following formula: l= (1/5) t for miles, and l= (1/3) t for km, where l= the distance lightning hit, and t= time between lightning and thunder. For example, if there is a time frame of 18 seconds, it would be 3.6 miles or 6 km. If thunder and lightning were music notes, lightning would be a staccato quarter note, while thunder is a fortissimo whole note. Why does thunder roll and last longer than lightning? Imagine if you asked a thousand trumpeters to line up in an uneven pattern, so they resemble a lightning channel. The trumpeter closest to you, you hear first and the loudest. The trumpeter furthest from you is the faintest and the last to be heard. Make them do the same pattern in a place with tall buildings. The sound seems to distort. So the lightning’s jagged path creates different distances from you. The different sound waves reach you at different times. The sound also echoes of objects, totaling for a loud, long, rolling effect. Because thunder surrounds the channel, a very close strike cannot be heard. 3-In Mythology/Religion When you think of mythology and lightning, you immediately think of Zeus (got his thunderbolt because the Cyclopes honored him), right? But he isn’t the only lightning god out there. In fact, almost all of the mythological gods that control thunder and lightning are of the highest rank of deity. Other than that, one of two other major gods I know is Thor, Norse god of thunder and lightning. We name a day of the week after him- Thursday (Thor’s Day). It’s no joke. The Roman god, Jupiter, also controls thunder and lightning. We honor him by naming the solar system’s largest planet after him. In my own religion, Islam, it is said in the Quran that-"Have you not seen how God makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a stack, and then you see the rain come out of it.... (Quran, 24:43)" The preceding verse, after mentioning clouds and rain, speaks about hail and lightning, "....And He sends down hail from mountains (clouds) in the sky, and He strikes with it whomever He wills, and turns it from whomever He wills. The vivid flash of its lightning nearly blinds the sight. (Quran, 24:43)" (taken from Ask.com) 4-Probabilities Lightning can strike anywhere and anytime there is a thunderstorm. What are the odds of being hit this year, if you aren’t in Florida? What are the chances you will be hit in your life? What are your chances of surviving lightning? What are the odds you will die by lightning? How many people die by lightning a year? How many people die by lightning in Florida? What states receive the most and the least lightning? These questions and more will be answered in this next section. 4a- Odds What are the odds of being hit this year? The normal chance, if you’re not in Florida, is approximately 1 in 600,000. But we are in Florida, so our chances increase by 350%. Now you divide 600,000 by 3.5, and you get 210,000. So our chance of getting hit is 1 in 210,000. What are the odds you will be hit in your life? The normal odds are 1 in 3,000. But when you factor in the 350%, it is 857 1/7. Our chance is a scarily high 1 in 857 1/7. Can your chances increase? Those two approximates is if you follow the safety measures. But if you are like me, who doesn’t really follow the safety measures, but instead goes out to watch the lightning, or just really stupid and (as an example) go play golf on a hilly open course with a lot of iron concentrates in it every day during a lightning storm in July and August here in Florida, your chances will drastically increase, got it? So don’t go to the roof of a three story building having a seven foot long metal pole and start running in circles when you see lightning outside, unless you’re deliberately trying to hurt yourself, ok? What are the chances you will get hit and die? It’s a relatively small number, for a year, 1 in 2.32 million. One in 87,000 bolts hits someone. One in 345,000 bolts kills someone. Comparatively, can you give an analogy to say how low or high this chance is? You are 6 times more likely to be hit by lightning than win the lottery. You have 90% chance surviving lightning. But if you survive a hit, you will suffer many permanent damages. 4b- Statistics Of a 2005 estimate, 473 people got hit that year in Florida alone. Approximately 2,000 people around the world die in a year, meaning that about 20,000 got hit. In America, 1,000 people get hit, and about 100 die. The state that gets the most lightning is none other than our Florida, receiving the second most lightning than anywhere else in the world. The cities are that of particularly on the I-4 corridor- mainly Tampa (that’s where they get the team name Tampa Bay Lightning), and Orlando. The states that receive the least lightning are Alaska and Hawai’i, having zero reported lightning deaths. Florida receives the most lightning deaths and injuries overall, more than all the states combined, but New Mexico receives the most lightning deaths per million. Most lightning victims (84%) are men. July is the most dangerous month for lightning. Here in Florida, it is July and August. 3 PM is the most dangerous time for lightning, 5 times more dangerous than 9 AM, anywhere in the world. The most lightning prone region in the world is a small village called Kifuka, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, receiving 158 strikes per square mile (I am so visiting there when I get money for a plane fare and I am old enough). 70% of all lightning injuries occur in the afternoon. Lightning strikes only one person 91% of the time. In the US, 85% of lightning victims are under 35. You have 60% more chance being hit when standing under an oak tree than a birch tree because of its vertical roots. 5- Safety Lightning is a powerful, dangerous, force. You do not want to get hit by it. I guarantee you, you’ve probably been within a thousand feet of lightning at least once. So unless you are like me and crazily love lightning, or just plain idiotic, and don’t care about the safety measures, follow them. 1. Do not use the computer or any other electronic devices directly connected to the building circuit. This includes stoves and washing machines. I know a guy in my taekwondo studio that got hit this way. If lightning happens to hit your house, 4% of lightning fatalities are because of people failing to follow this and the next safety measure by thinking that the building’s grounding wire will save them. You don’t have to get way too precautionary, for I have used the computer, television, and phone thousands of time during a thunderstorm, and nothing has yet happened, and hopefully nothing will happen in the future. 2. Do not use water connected to the main system, as if lightning hits the house, the current may find its way into the system. I know quite a few people who know people who suffered lightning strikes this way. One of the main things a person does is take a shower or sit on a toilet seat during a thunderstorm and puts their life at risk to a lightning strike. Once again, don’t get too much safety concerned, as once again, I have taken showers and been in the bathroom hundreds of times, and nothing has happened yet. 3. Do not be outside during a lightning storm, unless you are someone like me, who loves lightning more than anything, and have large pine trees in your neighbor’s backyard, and have a tall oak tree in your own backyard to direct most lightning strikes away. 4. Do not stay next to large windows or doors, as lightning has been known to enter through windows and strike people. If you have a metal cage near the window, like those that cover our pool decks, then it’s safer, but not totally safe. 5. Do not do recreational activities outside during a lightning storm, such as golf, fishing, boating, playing or watching sports while on a raised area in large groups, etc. 48% of lightning injuries and fatalities occur this way. 6. Do not go out on an open field or a body of water. You may be in danger of a lightning strike. 7. Do not wait until you hear the first rumble of thunder or the first flash of lightning to go inside. Many lightning injuries and fatalities occur this way. In fact, go inside as soon as you see very large cumulus congestus clouds. 8. Do not swim during a thunderstorm. Lightning may hit the pool while you are in it, and you might be zapped. 5a- What to do when you are Stuck Outside During a Thunderstorm Maybe you didn’t heed my warnings and still did whatever you are doing, and you sense lightning is going to strike near. You ask yourself- What do I do? What do I do? I should have done whatever that report thingy said! This is what you do, and for Pete’s sake, pay attention this time! 1. If you are stuck in an open field, and lightning is about to strike, which you can tell by looking at metal objects to see if they are sparking or crackling, or if your hair is on end, and there is nothing around but flat, flat, land, duck down into the “lightning desperation position”, where you basically crouch down as low as possible, and put your hands on your head. Don’t lie down; as you give a greater surface area for the current could travel through. 2. If you are stuck in an open field with a ditch near you, go into the ditch and once again, take the lightning desperation position. 3. If you are stuck in an open field with many people, spread 20 feet away, to decrease conductivity, and all go down into the lightning desperation position. 4. If you are under a tree, get out from under it and go take shelter. 5. If you’re in a car, stay in it. 6. If you are outside plainly, go into the nearest shop or building that you are allowed in, or go home. 7. Cancel that event you were planning! Don’t risk it. 8. Get off that lake. Do I even have to explain why? 9. Stop golfing. I mean, you’re holding a metal pole in an open field during a thunderstorm. Doesn’t anything occur to you? 10. Don’t take shelter in a cave. Caves may have traces of conductive material in it, and the air is humid in it, so both can conduct electricity inside of it. 11. Don’t take shelter under a tarp. Lightning hitting the ground nearby still has enough potential to arc underneath it. 12. There are more, but just to keep it simple and no worries about these things, JUST STAY INDOORS!!! 5b- Lightning and Objects CG lightning has to hit something. And what it hits does have different effects. Trees- the sap inside it instantly vaporizes and explodes, sending burning wood shrapnel everywhere. Some sight to see. I’ve seen a burnt tree like this in a forest before. It looked like a chair, and there was a message board talking about it. Ground- Nothing really happens. Maybe a burnt patch, sometimes if grass is very dry, a fire. Might create a fulgurite. Nothing much here. Water- Vaporizes some instantly, may kill or paralyze marine life. Airplane- Perfectly safe from a lightning strike. Have tiny poles on it called “static discharge wicks” that prevent the buildup of a charge. An average commercial airliner gets hit at least once a year. Although it protects the people from the electricity, it has no protection from its magnetic field. House- Has various safety measures. May, but rarely, catch fire. Car- As long as you don’t touch the metal body of the car, you’re fine. A properly managed gas tank will not ignite. A Metal Pole- Nothing, if it is conductive. It grounds the current. Transformer- May blow. May cause power outages. Gun Powder- Situation highly unlikely, but big explosion Person-Explained in next two sections. 5c- Lightning’s Effect on Humans Even though it is unlikely, lightning does strike people. 10% die, mainly because of cardiac arrest. Of the other 90%, 70% suffer long term injuries. It includes, but not limited to, serious burns, mood swings, memory loss, pain, hot flashes, risk of cardiac arrest increase, etc. If a person was having a metal object on them at that time, it could’ve melted on them. If the person had been carrying a device on them, it would be fried. Cotton has a low burning point, so that would explode if a person were wearing a T-Shirt or pants of that. Why then, do these people survive, if 650mA can kill? Lightning’s current doesn’t go through a person, but around. A thin layer of moisture coats a person at all times, and this is the path it takes. A person can limit burns if when they get hit, they are soaking wet. If you see a person that got hit, and is unconscious, first check to see if the person is alive. Check their pulse, and then take them to the hospital for further assistance. If possible, contact the family of the person to notify the event. 5d- Types of Lightning Strikes to People A person doesn’t have to be directly hit to be affected. There are a few different ways a person can be affected. The following info is copied from a page on howstuffworks.com. Direct strike - a cloud-to-ground lightning strike hits you or something you're holding, like a golf club, dead-on instead of reaching the ground. Side flash - lightning strikes something close to where you are standing and then jumps from that to you. Contact potential - while you're touching something, like a fence-post or a tree, lighting strikes that object and the current travels from the object through the point of contact into your body. Step voltage - you're sitting with your feet together in front of you, knees up and rump settled on the ground near a spot where a cloud-to-ground lightning strike hits. As the lighting current disperses, it travels through your body by entering one point, say your joined feet, and exiting another, your rear end. Surge voltage - while you're using some type of electrical appliance or a telephone, lighting strikes the source of power or network connected to the device and you receive a shock. 5e- Advancing Technology- Lightning Detection While there is no technology yet to say where and when lightning will hit, there are technologies that can tell when and where a strike is prone. This technology is used in many companies and studies, such as NASA and Lightning Science studying students in the University of Florida. In Camp Landing, a UF research site, students launch a rocket with 2,000 feet of metal wire when a strike is prone in the area, to create a “triggered strike”. They use this information collected from various meters, and form a data file. But they do not launch without having a prone strike, so they use this technology to find that out. You can also buy tiny units that tell where the lightning strikes are happening, when lightning may strike in your area, and how far away a strike you saw was. 6- Lightning and NASA Who made those technologies though? It’s none other than our 40 mile away friend, NASA. They pioneered lightning detection. Why did they do that? What do they need that technology for anyway? November 14, 1969. The Apollo 12 mission was just about to start the countdown. It had been a stormy day. The officials thought it would just pass over. They were just about to start the countdown when lightning had struck the shuttle. Everyone inside the shuttle was ok, but the shuttle was nearly shut down due to the fact that the circuits were fried. KSC launch just happens to be smack center of Lightning Alley. Per kilometer, it is hit 40 times a year. So nowadays, if there is a lightning strike within 10 nautical miles of the launch pad (mainly launched from 37A and 37B), the launch is scrapped. 7- USA’s Lightning The areas that east of the Rockies do not see much lightning. The Rockies itself and Florida sees more lightning than anywhere else in the US, with Florida seeing more. The Central Plains also receive a lot of lightning, not as much as Florida, though. Alaska and Hawai’i are the least lightning prone. 7a- Florida’s Lightning Since Florida is the second most lightning prone region in the world, we really don’t have to chase the lightning. We can watch it right in our own backyard, although that isn’t advised. Lightning is Florida’s prominent weather phenomenon. Particularly central Florida, you can watch lightning, occurring mainly at 3-5, but I once witnessed a tremendous lightning storm last 9 hours. Florida peaks in lightning during July and August, being the least in February. Our “Sunshine State” title attracts tourists from around the world, not knowing most of our sunny days are in the winter. They come during the summer to enjoy our famous tall Disney and Wet n’ Wild rides, not knowing that lightning may spoil their plans. What an unfortunate place to build these touristic places. Right dead center of Lightning Alley. These theme parks have a rule- if lightning is seen, or thunder is heard, all rides are subject to close for 30 minutes until after the last strike. I had been on a ride when a first strike was spotted, not knowing it was lightning. 8- The “Heat Island” Effect Austin, Texas. Second in line to Florida for amount of lightning. This is a very large polluted city. Even Orlando and a few other Floridian cities encounter this effect, which makes lightning activity more potent and increasing. The “heat island” effect is a theory that in a large city, the pollution makes very hot air collect in an area. When a cold front moves in, it slides over the hot air mass. Since hot air rises, and cold air sinks, the hot air circles upwards, cooling. The cold air circles downwards, warming. This cycle creates powerful updrafts. When you add moisture into the equation, the updrafts carry moist air which cools in the cold front air. This condenses to form clouds. The unnatural hot air keeps forming these updrafts, in turn making larger and larger clouds. They soon grow into cumulonimbus clouds. Along with these updrafts, pollutant particles also follow. This means that one- acid rain may form, and two- there is more graupel. More graupel means more graupel crashes, means more charge forming, leading to more lightning. 9- Other Random Lightning Facts  Lightning’s color greatly varies. If you have ever seen lightning arcing from the top of the cloud purple, reentering the cloud, and then arcing back to the ground orange, it is because of different chemical compositions changing its color.  Lightning creates a chemical reaction with the air, producing nitrogen.  Lightning may have a link to why life started on earth.  The animal that gets killed by lightning the most is the giraffe (I’m not surprised).  Lightning kills more people than hurricanes.  It would take 7 lightning strikes to get you below 50% (landing heads or tails when choosing one) survival chance.  It would take 44 strikes to get you below 1% survival rate.  Lightning has recently been known to produce gamma waves.  Lightning occurs also on our gas giant planets, not only earth.  Jupiter’s lightning is far more powerful than earth’s.  Lightning has also been known to occur in pyrocumulus clouds, or clouds made from smoke. Lightning can also occur during a volcanic eruption, due to the ash cloud. 9a- Lightning’s Good Side Lightning has a very destructive side, but it has many good sides too.  Lightning’s ability to create nitrogen is amazing. “What is nitrogen good for anyway?” you may ask. Nitrogen is a natural plant fertilizer, which makes it good for the environment. It also thickens the ozone layer, making less UV rays enter earth’s atmosphere.  Some plants only release their seeds in the intense heat of a forest fire. Lightning helps speed up the process.  Lightning may be linked to the formation of the first life. Back when the earth was a tumultuous young fireball of a planet, lightning was constantly striking the earth. When it did, a small amount of amino acids were produced- a necessary ingredient for thriving life. 9b- Lightning Idioms and Myths i. The saying “a bolt from the blue” means “something totally unexpected”. It comes from lightning terminology. In lightning terminology, it refers to a Positive Giant arcing from the top of a cloud and striking somewhere totally unexpected, mainly in clear skies, making it like the idiom. ii. The saying “lightning never strikes twice” is a false representation meaning “two bad things can’t happen to the same person”. In fact, lightning often strikes the same place twice many times. Tall buildings often get hit many times a year. I guess that’s why bad things keep happening to one person. Better scrap that saying. iii. Contrary to popular belief, Benjamin Franklin was not hit by lightning. When he flew his kite, a charge built up on the kite. When he touched the key, a spark leaped to his hand. iv. Talking on a cordless phone during a thunderstorm will not get you zapped. I mean, it’s only cordless. v. Lightning rods do not attract lightning. They just draw lightning away from your house or whatever you don’t want it to hit, and ground it. vi. Tall objects don’t always get hit by lightning. Tall objects are more prone to get hit than other objects, for the stepped leader is closer. Lightning always tries to take the path of least resistance (literally), and resistance is (here is more physics) increased if the object has less electron holes in its valence electron field. So lightning can hit anywhere. vii. Lightning doesn’t always hit metal objects. Metal is just the path of least resistance. Metals have a large number of electron holes, and all of those electrons were pushed into the ground. This leaves a large positive charge on the metal, allowing it to be more likely to be hit than other objects. viii. Waiting ‘till you hear the first bang of thunder or first strike of lightning isn’t the smart thing to do. You then have already put yourself at risk for thirty minutes or so. Many deaths occur this way. ix. Judging how far a storm is by counting seconds is highly unreliable. That just tells how far away lightning had struck. Lightning can hit 15 miles from the storm’s main core, so it really won’t do much help to you if you want to know how far the storm is. x. Wearing many metal objects can get you hit is a debunked myth. Metal can increase your chance, but unless you are the tin man walking in the middle of an open field in Florida during a thunderstorm on a July day, it will not make you certainly get hit. 10- Conclusion Lightning has been mystifying scientists for many centuries. Lightning has become so inexplicable and sundry of types and structure, it has become a class of its own. What was mentioned in this report is subject to change in the next century, for lightning is a very litigious topic. This fascinating force has captivated a few with its beauty, but intimidated most others. The force doesn’t receive the admiration it deserves. Lightning truly is awesome. I know awesome is a greatly overused word, but the meaning of it is “full of reverence and awe”. I really do find that in lightning. Lightning has baffled scientists for centuries, and I have a feeling it will continue to do just that. 11- Bibliography “Lightning: When Nature Strikes Back” Discovery. Silver Spring, Maryland. 29 May, 2009. Television "Lightning." Lightning. Ask.com/Wikipedia, 20 May 2010. Web. 23 May 2010. Neer, Katherine. "What If I Were Struck by Lightning?" Www.howstuffworks.com. Discovery. Web. 23 May 2010. Lux, Jim. "Lightning Facts." Http://home.earthlink.net/~jimlux/lfacts.htm. 1997. Web. 23 May 2010. Greene, Stewart. "Facts About Lightning." Http://climbing.about.com/od/staysafeclimbing/a/LightningFacts.htm. About.com. Web. 23 May 2010. "Facts and Stats On Lightning." Http://www.needful-things.com/batlightning7.html. Web. 23 May 2010. Faidely, Warren. "Lightning." The Ultimate Storm Survival Handbook. Nashville, TN: Rutledge Hills, 2006. 69-87. Print. Lightning Nature’s High Voltage Light Show Written by Noorul Hassan for a project in 7th Grade

I got a black belt!!!!!!!!!

I finally got my blak belt strdy!I AM SOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO HAPPY!

Smart insults

I use these. Why don't you go back to your own time; Neanderthals aren't from this time. I may not win the American Idol, but you sing like a crow. Get out of my way, you freakish waste of carbon.

My Phobias

Achluophobia- Fear of darkness. Lygophobia- Fear of darkness. Myctophobia- Fear of darkness. Nyctohylophobia- Fear of dark wooded areas or of forests at night Nyctophobia- Fear of the dark or of night. Scotophobia- Fear of darkness. (Greatest Fear) Erythrophobia or Erytophobia or Ereuthophobia- Fear of red lights. Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms Scoleciphobia- Fear of worms Sarmassophobia- Fear of love play. Isolophobia- Fear of solitude, being alone Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. So I'd rather die than be in a forest in a clearing, staring into the infinite expansion of the universe, with the ground covered in millipedes, centipedes and worms and other nasty stuff, and the forest is pitch black, except for a pair of glowing, angry red eyes staring at me,while I am all alone... I'd commit suicide if I saw this. I'd want to die by my favorite thing though...lightning.

What do u find as scary? The following is taken from the phobia list. To find urs, press ctrl+f and type in your fear. A- Ablutophobia- Fear of washing or bathing. Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching. Acerophobia- Fear of sourness. Achluophobia- Fear of darkness. Acousticophobia- Fear of noise. Acrophobia- Fear of heights. Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airbourne noxious substances. Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open high places. Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness. Agateophobia- Fear of insanity. Agliophobia- Fear of pain. Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place. Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse. Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild animals. Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or crossing the street. Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or pointed objects. Ailurophobia- Fear of cats. Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease. Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens. Algophobia- Fear of pain. Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic. Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions. Altophobia- Fear of heights. Amathophobia- Fear of dust. Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car. Ambulophobia- Fear of walking. Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia. Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched. Anablephobia- Fear of looking up. Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia) Androphobia- Fear of men. Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia) Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness. Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc. Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry. Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint. Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers. Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society. Antlophobia- Fear of floods. Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single. Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity. Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia) Apiphobia- Fear of bees. Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations. Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth. Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders. Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers. Arrhenphobia- Fear of men. Arsonphobia- Fear of fire. Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or weakness. Astraphobia or Astrapophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Ceraunophobia, Keraunophobia) Astrophobia- Fear of stars or celestial space. Asymmetriphobia- Fear of asymmetrical things. Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia. (muscular incoordination) Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or untidiness. Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection. Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins. Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being forgotton or ignored or forgetting. Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic explosions. Atychiphobia- Fear of failure. Aulophobia- Fear of flutes. Aurophobia- Fear of gold. Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern lights. Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a vile odor. Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's dummies, animatronic creatures, wax statues - anything that falsly represents a sentient being. Automysophobia- Fear of being dirty. Autophobia- Fear of being alone or of oneself. Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear of flying. B- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Bacillophobia- Fear of microbes. Bacteriophobia- Fear of bacteria. Ballistophobia- Fear of missiles or bullets. Bolshephobia- Fear of Bolsheviks. Barophobia- Fear of gravity. Basophobia or Basiphobia- Inability to stand. Fear of walking or falling. Bathmophobia- Fear of stairs or steep slopes. Bathophobia- Fear of depth. Batophobia- Fear of heights or being close to high buildings. Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians, such as frogs, newts, salamanders, etc. Belonephobia- Fear of pins and needles. (Aichmophobia) Bibliophobia- Fear of books. Blennophobia- Fear of slime. Bogyphobia- Fear of bogeys or the bogeyman. Botanophobia- Fear of plants. Bromidrosiphobia or Bromidrophobia- Fear of body smells. Brontophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning. Bufonophobia- Fear of toads. Enter your search terms Submit search form Web phobialist.com C- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Cacophobia- Fear of ugliness. Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty. Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women. Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer. Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart. Carnophobia- Fear of meat. Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed. Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places. Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting. Catoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors. Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas. Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) Chaetophobia- Fear of hair. Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia) Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals. Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety. Chionophobia- Fear of snow. Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched. Chirophobia- Fear of hands. Chiroptophobia- Fear of bats. Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera. Chorophobia- Fear of dancing. Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money. Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors. Chronophobia- Fear of time. Chronomentrophobia- Fear of clocks. Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia) Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces. Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place. Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing. Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs. Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed. Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed. Cnidophobia- Fear of stings. Cometophobia- Fear of comets. Coimetrophobia- Fear of cemeteries. Coitophobia- Fear of coitus. Contreltophobia- Fear of sexual abuse. Coprastasophobia- Fear of constipation. Coprophobia- Fear of feces. Consecotaleophobia- Fear of chopsticks. Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns. Counterphobia- The preference by a phobic for fearful situations. Cremnophobia- Fear of precipices. Cryophobia- Fear of extreme cold, ice or frost. Crystallophobia- Fear of crystals or glass. Cyberphobia- Fear of computers or working on a computer. Cyclophobia- Fear of bicycles. Cymophobia or Kymophobia- Fear of waves or wave like motions. Cynophobia- Fear of dogs or rabies. Cypridophobia or Cypriphobia or Cyprianophobia or Cyprinophobia - Fear of prostitutes or venereal disease. D- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions. Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements. Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations. Dementophobia- Fear of insanity. Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons. Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia) Dendrophobia- Fear of trees. Dentophobia- Fear of dentists. Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions. Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease. Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body. Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes. Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school. Dikephobia- Fear of justice. Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools. Diplophobia- Fear of double vision. Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking. Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone. Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia) Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals. Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise. Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets. Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch. Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity. Dystychiphobia- Fear of accidents. E- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Ecclesiophobia- Fear of church. Ecophobia- Fear of home. Eicophobia- Fear of home surroundings.(Domatophobia, Oikophobia) Eisoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors or of seeing oneself in a mirror. Electrophobia- Fear of electricity. Eleutherophobia- Fear of freedom. Elurophobia- Fear of cats. (Ailurophobia) Emetophobia- Fear of vomiting. Enetophobia- Fear of pins. Enochlophobia- Fear of crowds. Enosiophobia or Enissophobia- Fear of having committed an unpardonable sin or of criticism. Entomophobia- Fear of insects. Eosophobia- Fear of dawn or daylight. Ephebiphobia- Fear of teenagers. Epistaxiophobia- Fear of nosebleeds. Epistemophobia- Fear of knowledge. Equinophobia- Fear of horses. Eremophobia- Fear of being oneself or of lonliness. Ereuthrophobia- Fear of blushing. Ergasiophobia- 1) Fear of work or functioning. 2) Surgeon's fear of operating. Ergophobia- Fear of work. Erotophobia- Fear of sexual love or sexual questions. Euphobia- Fear of hearing good news. Eurotophobia- Fear of female genitalia. Erythrophobia or Erytophobia or Ereuthophobia- 1) Fear of redlights. 2) Blushing. 3) Red. F- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Febriphobia or Fibriphobia or Fibriophobia- Fear of fever. Felinophobia- Fear of cats. (Ailurophobia, Elurophobia, Galeophobia, Gatophobia) Francophobia- Fear of France or French culture. (Gallophobia, Galiophobia) Frigophobia- Fear of cold or cold things.(Cheimaphobia, Cheimatophobia, Psychrophobia) G- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Galeophobia or Gatophobia- Fear of cats. Gallophobia or Galiophobia- Fear France or French culture. (Francophobia) Gamophobia- Fear of marriage. Geliophobia- Fear of laughter. Gelotophobia- Fear of being laughed at. Geniophobia- Fear of chins. Genophobia- Fear of sex. Genuphobia- Fear of knees. Gephyrophobia or Gephydrophobia or Gephysrophobia- Fear of crossing bridges. Germanophobia- Fear of Germany or German culture. Gerascophobia- Fear of growing old. Gerontophobia- Fear of old people or of growing old. Geumaphobia or Geumophobia- Fear of taste. Glossophobia- Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak. Gnosiophobia- Fear of knowledge. Graphophobia- Fear of writing or handwriting. Gymnophobia- Fear of nudity. Gynephobia or Gynophobia- Fear of women. H- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Hadephobia- Fear of hell. Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things. Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning. Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched. Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed. Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure. Heliophobia- Fear of the sun. Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology. Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms. Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or Hematophobia- Fear of blood. Heresyphobia or Hereiophobia- Fear of challenges to official doctrine or of radical deviation. Herpetophobia- Fear of reptiles or creepy, crawly things. Heterophobia- Fear of the opposite sex. (Sexophobia) Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia- Fear of the number 666. Hierophobia- Fear of priests or sacred things. Hippophobia- Fear of horses. Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia- Fear of long words. Hobophobia- Fear of bums or beggars. Hodophobia- Fear of road travel. Hormephobia- Fear of shock. Homichlophobia- Fear of fog. Homilophobia- Fear of sermons. Hominophobia- Fear of men. Homophobia- Fear of sameness, monotony or of homosexuality or of becoming homosexual. Hoplophobia- Fear of firearms. Hydrargyophobia- Fear of mercurial medicines. Hydrophobia- Fear of water or of rabies. Hydrophobophobia- Fear of rabies. Hyelophobia or Hyalophobia- Fear of glass. Hygrophobia- Fear of liquids, dampness, or moisture. Hylephobia- Fear of materialism or the fear of epilepsy. Hylophobia- Fear of forests. Hypengyophobia or Hypegiaphobia- Fear of responsibility. Hypnophobia- Fear of sleep or of being hypnotized. Hypsiphobia- Fear of height. I- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Iatrophobia- Fear of going to the doctor or of doctors. Ichthyophobia- Fear of fish. Ideophobia- Fear of ideas. Illyngophobia- Fear of vertigo or feeling dizzy when looking down. Iophobia- Fear of poison. Insectophobia - Fear of insects. Isolophobia- Fear of solitude, being alone. Isopterophobia- Fear of termites, insects that eat wood. Ithyphallophobia- Fear of seeing, thinking about or having an erect penis. Enter your search terms Submit search form Web phobialist.com J- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Japanophobia- Fear of Japanese. Judeophobia- Fear of Jews. K- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Kainolophobia or Kainophobia- Fear of anything new, novelty. Kakorrhaphiophobia- Fear of failure or defeat. Katagelophobia- Fear of ridicule. Kathisophobia- Fear of sitting down. Kenophobia- Fear of voids or empty spaces. Keraunophobia or Ceraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia) Kinetophobia or Kinesophobia- Fear of movement or motion. Kleptophobia- Fear of stealing. Koinoniphobia- Fear of rooms. Kolpophobia- Fear of genitals, particularly female. Kopophobia- Fear of fatigue. Koniophobia- Fear of dust. (Amathophobia) Kosmikophobia- Fear of cosmic phenomenon. Kymophobia- Fear of waves. (Cymophobia) Kynophobia- Fear of rabies. Kyphophobia- Fear of stooping. L- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables. Laliophobia or Lalophobia- Fear of speaking. Leprophobia or Lepraphobia- Fear of leprosy. Leukophobia- Fear of the color white. Levophobia- Fear of things to the left side of the body. Ligyrophobia- Fear of loud noises. Lilapsophobia- Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes. Limnophobia- Fear of lakes. Linonophobia- Fear of string. Liticaphobia- Fear of lawsuits. Lockiophobia- Fear of childbirth. Logizomechanophobia- Fear of computers. Logophobia- Fear of words. Luiphobia- Fear of lues, syphillis. Lutraphobia- Fear of otters. Lygophobia- Fear of darkness. Lyssophobia- Fear of rabies or of becoming mad. M- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Macrophobia- Fear of long waits. Mageirocophobia- Fear of cooking. Maieusiophobia- Fear of childbirth. Malaxophobia- Fear of love play. (Sarmassophobia) Maniaphobia- Fear of insanity. Mastigophobia- Fear of punishment. Mechanophobia- Fear of machines. Medomalacuphobia- Fear of losing an erection. Medorthophobia- Fear of an erect penis. Megalophobia- Fear of large things. Melissophobia- Fear of bees. Melanophobia- Fear of the color black. Melophobia- Fear or hatred of music. Meningitophobia- Fear of brain disease. Menophobia- Fear of menstruation. Merinthophobia- Fear of being bound or tied up. Metallophobia- Fear of metal. Metathesiophobia- Fear of changes. Meteorophobia- Fear of meteors. Methyphobia- Fear of alcohol. Metrophobia- Fear or hatred of poetry. Microbiophobia- Fear of microbes. (Bacillophobia) Microphobia- Fear of small things. Misophobia or Mysophobia- Fear of being contaminated with dirt or germs. Mnemophobia- Fear of memories. Molysmophobia or Molysomophobia- Fear of dirt or contamination. Monophobia- Fear of solitude or being alone. Monopathophobia- Fear of definite disease. Motorphobia- Fear of automobiles. Mottephobia- Fear of moths. Musophobia or Muriphobia- Fear of mice. Mycophobia- Fear or aversion to mushrooms. Mycrophobia- Fear of small things. Myctophobia- Fear of darkness. Myrmecophobia- Fear of ants. Mythophobia- Fear of myths or stories or false statements. Myxophobia- Fear of slime. (Blennophobia) Enter your search terms Submit search form Web phobialist.com N- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Nebulaphobia- Fear of fog. (Homichlophobia) Necrophobia- Fear of death or dead things. Nelophobia- Fear of glass. Neopharmaphobia- Fear of new drugs. Neophobia- Fear of anything new. Nephophobia- Fear of clouds. Noctiphobia- Fear of the night. Nomatophobia- Fear of names. Nosocomephobia- Fear of hospitals. Nosophobia or Nosemaphobia- Fear of becoming ill. Nostophobia- Fear of returning home. Novercaphobia- Fear of your step-mother. Nucleomituphobia- Fear of nuclear weapons. Nudophobia- Fear of nudity. Numerophobia- Fear of numbers. Nyctohylophobia- Fear of dark wooded areas or of forests at night Nyctophobia- Fear of the dark or of night. O- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Obesophobia- Fear of gaining weight.(Pocrescophobia) Ochlophobia- Fear of crowds or mobs. Ochophobia- Fear of vehicles. Octophobia - Fear of the figure 8. Odontophobia- Fear of teeth or dental surgery. Odynophobia or Odynephobia- Fear of pain. (Algophobia) Oenophobia- Fear of wines. Oikophobia- Fear of home surroundings, house.(Domatophobia, Eicophobia) Olfactophobia- Fear of smells. Ombrophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on. Ommetaphobia or Ommatophobia- Fear of eyes. Omphalophobia- Fear of belly buttons. Oneirophobia- Fear of dreams. Oneirogmophobia- Fear of wet dreams. Onomatophobia- Fear of hearing a certain word or of names. Ophidiophobia- Fear of snakes. (Snakephobia) Ophthalmophobia- Fear of being stared at. Opiophobia- Fear medical doctors experience of prescribing needed pain medications for patients. Optophobia- Fear of opening one's eyes. Ornithophobia- Fear of birds. Orthophobia- Fear of property. Osmophobia or Osphresiophobia- Fear of smells or odors. Ostraconophobia- Fear of shellfish. Ouranophobia or Uranophobia- Fear of heaven. P- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Pagophobia- Fear of ice or frost. Panthophobia- Fear of suffering and disease. Panophobia or Pantophobia- Fear of everything. Papaphobia- Fear of the Pope. Papyrophobia- Fear of paper. Paralipophobia- Fear of neglecting duty or responsibility. Paraphobia- Fear of sexual perversion. Parasitophobia- Fear of parasites. Paraskavedekatriaphobia- Fear of Friday the 13th. Parthenophobia- Fear of virgins or young girls. Pathophobia- Fear of disease. Patroiophobia- Fear of heredity. Parturiphobia- Fear of childbirth. Peccatophobia- Fear of sinning or imaginary crimes. Pediculophobia- Fear of lice. Pediophobia- Fear of dolls. Pedophobia- Fear of children. Peladophobia- Fear of bald people. Pellagrophobia- Fear of pellagra. Peniaphobia- Fear of poverty. Pentheraphobia- Fear of mother-in-law. (Novercaphobia) Phagophobia- Fear of swallowing or of eating or of being eaten. Phalacrophobia- Fear of becoming bald. Phallophobia- Fear of a penis, esp erect. Pharmacophobia- Fear of taking medicine. Phasmophobia- Fear of ghosts. Phengophobia- Fear of daylight or sunshine. Philemaphobia or Philematophobia- Fear of kissing. Philophobia- Fear of falling in love or being in love. Philosophobia- Fear of philosophy. Phobophobia- Fear of phobias. Photoaugliaphobia- Fear of glaring lights. Photophobia- Fear of light. Phonophobia- Fear of noises or voices or one's own voice; of telephones. Phronemophobia- Fear of thinking. Phthiriophobia- Fear of lice. (Pediculophobia) Phthisiophobia- Fear of tuberculosis. Placophobia- Fear of tombstones. Plutophobia- Fear of wealth. Pluviophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on. Pneumatiphobia- Fear of spirits. Pnigophobia or Pnigerophobia- Fear of choking of being smothered. Pocrescophobia- Fear of gaining weight. (Obesophobia) Pogonophobia- Fear of beards. Poliosophobia- Fear of contracting poliomyelitis. Politicophobia- Fear or abnormal dislike of politicians. Polyphobia- Fear of many things. Poinephobia- Fear of punishment. Ponophobia- Fear of overworking or of pain. Porphyrophobia- Fear of the color purple. Potamophobia- Fear of rivers or running water. Potophobia- Fear of alcohol. Pharmacophobia- Fear of drugs. Proctophobia- Fear of rectums. Prosophobia- Fear of progress. Psellismophobia- Fear of stuttering. Psychophobia- Fear of mind. Psychrophobia- Fear of cold. Pteromerhanophobia- Fear of flying. Pteronophobia- Fear of being tickled by feathers. Pupaphobia - Fear of puppets. Pyrexiophobia- Fear of Fever. Pyrophobia- Fear of fire. Enter your search terms Submit search form Web phobialist.com Q- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top R- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Radiophobia- Fear of radiation, x-rays. Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs. Rectophobia- Fear of rectum or rectal diseases. Rhabdophobia- Fear of being severely punished or beaten by a rod, or of being severely criticized. Also fear of magic.(wand) Rhypophobia- Fear of defecation. Rhytiphobia- Fear of getting wrinkles. Rupophobia- Fear of dirt. Russophobia- Fear of Russians. S- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Samhainophobia: Fear of Halloween. Sarmassophobia- Fear of love play. (Malaxophobia) Satanophobia- Fear of Satan. Scabiophobia- Fear of scabies. Scatophobia- Fear of fecal matter. Scelerophibia- Fear of bad men, burglars. Sciophobia Sciaphobia- Fear of shadows. Scoleciphobia- Fear of worms. Scolionophobia- Fear of school. Scopophobia or Scoptophobia- Fear of being seen or stared at. Scotomaphobia- Fear of blindness in visual field. Scotophobia- Fear of darkness. (Achluophobia) Scriptophobia- Fear of writing in public. Selachophobia- Fear of sharks. Selaphobia- Fear of light flashes. Selenophobia- Fear of the moon. Seplophobia- Fear of decaying matter. Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long words. Sexophobia- Fear of the opposite sex. (Heterophobia) Siderodromophobia- Fear of trains, railroads or train travel. Siderophobia- Fear of stars. Sinistrophobia- Fear of things to the left or left-handed. Sinophobia- Fear of Chinese, Chinese culture. Sitophobia or Sitiophobia- Fear of food or eating. (Cibophobia) Snakephobia- Fear of snakes. (Ophidiophobia) Soceraphobia- Fear of parents-in-law. Social Phobia- Fear of being evaluated negatively in social situations. Sociophobia- Fear of society or people in general. Somniphobia- Fear of sleep. Sophophobia- Fear of learning. Soteriophobia - Fear of dependence on others. Spacephobia- Fear of outer space. Spectrophobia- Fear of specters or ghosts. Spermatophobia or Spermophobia- Fear of germs. Spheksophobia- Fear of wasps. Stasibasiphobia or Stasiphobia- Fear of standing or walking. (Ambulophobia) Staurophobia- Fear of crosses or the crucifix. Stenophobia- Fear of narrow things or places. Stygiophobia or Stigiophobia- Fear of hell. Suriphobia- Fear of mice. Symbolophobia- Fear of symbolism. Symmetrophobia- Fear of symmetry. Syngenesophobia- Fear of relatives. Syphilophobia- Fear of syphilis. T- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Tachophobia- Fear of speed. Taeniophobia or Teniophobia- Fear of tapeworms. Taphephobia Taphophobia- Fear of being buried alive or of cemeteries. Tapinophobia- Fear of being contagious. Taurophobia- Fear of bulls. Technophobia- Fear of technology. Teleophobia- 1) Fear of definite plans. 2) Religious ceremony. Telephonophobia- Fear of telephones. Teratophobia- Fear of bearing a deformed child or fear of monsters or deformed people. Testophobia- Fear of taking tests. Tetanophobia- Fear of lockjaw, tetanus. Teutophobia- Fear of German or German things. Textophobia- Fear of certain fabrics. Thaasophobia- Fear of sitting. Thalassophobia- Fear of the sea. Thanatophobia or Thantophobia- Fear of death or dying. Theatrophobia- Fear of theatres. Theologicophobia- Fear of theology. Theophobia- Fear of gods or religion. Thermophobia- Fear of heat. Tocophobia- Fear of pregnancy or childbirth. Tomophobia- Fear of surgical operations. Tonitrophobia- Fear of thunder. Topophobia- Fear of certain places or situations, such as stage fright. Toxiphobia or Toxophobia or Toxicophobia- Fear of poison or of being accidently poisoned. Traumatophobia- Fear of injury. Tremophobia- Fear of trembling. Trichinophobia- Fear of trichinosis. Trichopathophobia or Trichophobia- Fear of hair. (Chaetophobia, Hypertrichophobia) Triskaidekaphobia- Fear of the number 13. Tropophobia- Fear of moving or making changes. Trypanophobia- Fear of injections. Tuberculophobia- Fear of tuberculosis. Tyrannophobia- Fear of tyrants. Enter your search terms Submit search form Web phobialist.com U- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Uranophobia or Ouranophobia- Fear of heaven. Urophobia- Fear of urine or urinating. V- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Vaccinophobia- Fear of vaccination. Venustraphobia- Fear of beautiful women. Verbophobia- Fear of words. Verminophobia- Fear of germs. Vestiphobia- Fear of clothing. Virginitiphobia- Fear of rape. Vitricophobia- Fear of step-father. W- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Walloonphobia- Fear of the Walloons. Wiccaphobia: Fear of witches and witchcraft. X- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Xanthophobia- Fear of the color yellow or the word yellow. Xenoglossophobia- Fear of foreign languages. Xenophobia- Fear of strangers or foreigners. Xerophobia- Fear of dryness. Xylophobia- 1) Fear of wooden objects. 2) Forests. Xyrophobia-Fear of razors. Y- Z- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | Top Zelophobia- Fear of jealousy. Zeusophobia- Fear of God or gods. Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole rat. Zooophobia- fear of Zoos. Zoophobia- Fear of animals.

a poem

The thing I love, I really love it really is profound I will say, and say all day that it really will astound A thunderstorm is all I need To brind my love this way And if I could control the weather I'd make one everyday. When it flashes, I will smile as it can brighten up the sky, I'll say wonderful, and fascinating and anything else that applies. What I love, I really love that you might find very frightening What I love, I really love, well...its lightning.

random poems

Haiku A car whizzes by. I wonder where its going. All around the world? Meow meow meow meow meow. My cats are noisy. Scratching at the door.

an interesting fact

It dsonet mtaetr wrehe the ltretes are in a wrod you can siltl raed prfceelty as lnog as the fsirt and lsat ltretes are in tiehr pcale! If you couldn't read that, scroll down to see what it says. It doesnt matter where the letters are in a word, as long as the first and last letters are in their place!

My friend Elie's story.

This is one of my friends stories. Elie Diaz Grade 6 Ruben Dario The Adventures of Tacoman- The Great Factory Rescue Not too long ago, the famous Flaming Taco Factory was at its most busy time of the year. This season, called the T-season, was also one of the most dangerous because the Factory’s rival, the Cheetos Factory was getting ready to attack the tacos, as they have done many times. This year, the Taco Factory had its hero, and he was- Tacoman! This was a live taco in the form of a man, the factory’s newest creation. He tested every taco and was the general of the taco squad, the defense team of the factory. They guarded one of the two entrances. Considering that the factory was over 3,000 feet high off the ground, the two ways to get in was either the 3,000-foot high elevator (called the Great Elevator), or by helicopter or plane. All the taco cannons (taco-shooting cannons) were ready and in position. The taco creating area in the factory was preparing tacos to load up into the cannons. The taco squad was ready at the entrance of the Great Elevator. As quick as a blink, a large helicopter came up at the north side of the factory. The Taco cannons began to fire at the copter (inaccurately I might add). Inside the copter was General Cheetuxing; he ordered that instead of destroying the factory, they would capture it to make “flaming hot Cheetos”. The Cheetos army was much larger than the tacos, and the few that were attacking (at least 50 helicopters) were enough to wipe out half of the troops with their cheesy Cheetos bullets. As the copters attacked the north side of the factory, Tacoman was worrying at the secret taco testing grounds (located to the western side of the factory). Here was where they designed and made new forms of tacos. “Oh no!” Tacoman told his assistant, “They’re going to continue this attack until we are destroyed!” “Your taco-ness, we need to divert the Taco Squad to the northern area,” the assistant suggested. “Oh, all right!” Tacoman agreed. He contacted the squad by radio and diverted them to the north side of the factory. “They will arrive in about ten minutes by the Great Elevator,” Tacoman told the rest of his troops, “Meanwhile, we need to hold down the fort as much as we can!” Tacoman and his troops headed to the north and began to shoot the taco bullets and taco rockets. They hadn’t made that big a difference with the attack when the taco squad arrived with their taco lasers. These turned every thing it touched into taco. This managed to take down all the copters. The factory was saved, or so they thought. Apparently, a delivery plane had been infiltrated and the enemy was inside the factory while the squad was at the north. They took all who they saw prisoner, and soon, the whole factory was at their control, except the north (and the secret testing grounds, but back to the point). They had prepared a sneak attack from behind the Taco Squad, capturing every single member, one by one; until all that was left when the copter attack was over was Tacoman and his Assistant. They were surrounded to all sides. All they could do was surrender. They took them to the taco jail (or should I call it by the new name, the Cheetos jail). “The world is ruined! No more flaming tacos for the world,” Tacoman cried to his assistant of the cell next to him. Suddenly, he heard a familiar annoying voice. It was another one of his neighbors, Paulie, whispering, “Tacoman, when we made you at the factory, we gave you secret powers. We never told you because we figured, if we told you, you’d use them so much that the Cheetos would find out and make a stronger weapon. That is why we made you general of the squad.” “Paulie,” Tacoman responded, “what are my powers?” “Tacoman,” Paulie announced silently, “ I only know of one power, it is taco-.” “Hey!” General Cheetuxing came barging down, interrupting Paulie “ No talking! This isn’t kindergarten, so I’ll cut to the chase. You all will begin to work as our slaves in the new, Flaming Hot Cheetos factory for the rest of your lives! Mwa-ha-ha! You will begin now, and if you refuse, you will be taken down to the furnace, which we’ve bumped up the temperature a few thousand degrees!” All men agreed to work (I mean, who wouldn’t?), so they were taken up to the factory to work. Guards were everywhere, and all hope was lost, or was it? Paulie was separated from Tacoman, so he couldn’t tell him his powers. As he worked in the factory, he lost his wedding ring (he was married, but his wife was eaten by crazed fans) somewhere on the conveyor belt. His vision wasn’t the best so he squinted to look for it when he felt that power left him. He saw that a few guards began to run somewhere. He looked at the conveyor belt, and saw that to his surprise, it had turned into a taco! That must have been the power that Paulie wanted to tell him about! He noticed that he could recapture the factory with that one power. Three guards were next to him, ready to fire with their Cheetos Guns. He squinted again and watched as they turned into taco statues. The men working cheered and started to rebel against the guards. Tacoman used his new Taco Vision to transform all guards in the place into the statues. Then he made his way into the command center along with his rebels. There was General Cheetuxing, waiting for him. “I see that you have powers,” Cheetuxing said dramatically, “What neither you, nor anyone in this world knows is that I was made, just like you Tacoman. My real name is Cheetosman, and I am made of Cheetos, and like you, I have powers.” Suddenly, Cheetuxing (or Cheetosman) turned around and in one blast, turned half of Tacoman’s men into Cheetos statues. Tacoman shot him with his Taco Vision, but Cheetosman shot and the two were there, struggling as one beam hit the other. It was amazing! Tacos and Cheetos flew of both beams. They were there for a good twenty minutes, until suddenly, a huge explosion knocked out both Tacoman and Cheetosman. It was a sad moment for the men in the team of tacos, and the men in the team of Cheetos. The taco team quickly grabbed Tacoman and took him to the secret testing grounds, and the Cheetos team took Cheetosman to their hospital. At the testing grounds, Paulie was checking Tacoman. “He was hit by the Cheetos vision in the explosion,” he explained to everyone, “The only way we could bring him back is by using a Cheetos ray and reverse the effects. Unfortunately, the Cheetos factory will never do this. I guess we will have to place him as a goner.” All the men were going to enter the Great Elevator when they heard helicopter blades. The Cheetos Factory Copters were back. “They’re back!” said some men in the taco squad, “We might as well surrender again” “No, wait!” exclaimed Paulie, “If Tacoman was hit by the ray in the explosion, Cheetosman must have been hit, too!” The people in the taco’s side excitedly went to the copter. Sure enough, Paulie was right. They gave each other the materials they needed and both factories revived their heroes. After all that happened, neither factory could fight, so they made a treaty that they would live in peace until the end of time, or will they? THE END

umm, sorry i made the below post too long, but science is long, but easy for me.

lightning facts.

For all you people out there with brontophobia (fear of thunder and lightning) here are some facts about it. I did it ALL from memory. 1. Lightning can range from 100 million to 1 billion volts of power. 2. It can be a trillion watts and 200,000 amperes of power. 3. You have 9/10 chance of surviving lightning. 4. There is more chance of dying by a shark attack than lightning, and a 10 times more chance dying by a falling coconut at terminal velocity(the fastest speed an object can reach during freefall- 100-145 mph) than a shark attack. (so if a person sasys "If you survive, I'll let you go, but you have to choose one to get hurt. Either a falling coconut or ligthning..." better choose lightning. 5. Florida and Equatorial Africa have the highest potential for lightning. (Grr... Florida has only half as much lightning than equatorial Africa) 6. See diagram to see how lightning is formed.

Fig 1- A cumulonimbus thundercloud. Fig 2- Ice particles crash against each other, building up a charge. Fig 3- The heavier negatively charged electrons ( marked as -) sinks to the bottom of the cloud, while the positively charged protons (marked as +) float to the top. Fig 4- A positive charge thus forms on the ground. Fig 5- Since different charges attract, the cloud lets out a negative streamer. Scientists don't know why it takes the path it takes, and the streamer travels in a random path, either cloud to cloud, or ground to cloud, or ground to ground. At the gr\ound, a positive charge also leaps upwards. You can see these, which can be 3-30 ft tall. (Not that I care, but if your hair stands on its end, and you get a metallic taste in your mouth, and you're in the middle of an open field, duck down) and if you see these coming up from any where, espscially you, (I would have stayed to watch where it would hit) but you need to go inside. Fig 6- The negative streamer touches a positive streamer, or an object. Fig 7- The charge is discharged from the cloud, and we see the bright flash we call lightning. Fig 8- The lightning vaporizing the tree. Fig 9- Try not letting this happen to you... unless you want to. (I'd think of it ONLY in the name of science, or trying to commit suicide which I hope none of you will try) Fig 10- The remains of the tree. 7. Even though lightning tends to strike tall objects, it just strikes where the streamer touches first, it can hit any other object. 8. Salt water is more conductive than fresh water, so being stranded in the middle of a lake during a thunderstorm, is slightly less risky than in the ocean. 9. You can calculate how far lightning hit by this simple proportion- 5 sec (3 sec) since strike to thunder= 1 mi(1 km) 10. If lightning strikes near you, be prepared for a horrunus bang. When lightning struck just a 1/4 mile away, (((((KABOOM!)))))). So it must be loud striking 5 ft in front of you. 11. Lightning is dangerous. (unless you're like me, and don't care too much about saftey [too much saftey is for sissies and scardey cats] and love lightning) Stay away from windows and don't stand under a tree or any tall objects during a thunderstorm. Go indoors or into a car. If you are caught in an open field, duck down. Dont lie down though, because you cover more surface area, AND you are mostly made of water (that makes you a conductor). Your shoes are insulated. 12. The reason why the car is safe, is because the cars' metal body acts like a Faraday cage. (a Faraday cage is an invention made by [of course] Michael Faraday, supposed to conduct electricity around the object placed underneath, leaving the object unharmed.) Well, I know lots more, but I TRIED to simplify it. I just can't remember more now.

There was a lot of ligthning last friday. That was cool.

I went to menchies yogurt. That was cool.

There were hundreds of millipedes there. NOT COOL. I am TERRIFIED of them.

Board of Randomity

Ok, I am going to post very random stuff on this. This could range from facts that might be useful on your project to small stories to even probably even what I had for breakfast. So if u like randomness, this is the place to be.

I have changed

I like different things. I am not crazy about GPS any more. I like lightning better. Yesterday, on July 24, 2009, a severe thunderstorm hit central FL. Lot of lightning. AWESOME. Best day of my life so far. Go electricity and lightning especially.

6th grade FCAT

SSSSSSSSSSSOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

Dec. 10th My grandma cam back from India. (to understand this, read one of my other posts.) If you read my other post, you will understand that she does'nt know what a GPS is. So I brought it along with me to the airport. After I saw her I asked her a question. 3 letter word, in a car, tells you where you are going Grandma:I dont know First letter is G. Grandma: I dont know I pulled the GPS out of my pocket Grandma: I dont know. second letter is P Grandma: GPR? close, one letter away. Finally my grandma answered GPS but it is more than that. It is a navigation/MP3/converter/calculator More stuff posted later

Baboon

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